白肌(ji)(ji)病(bing)(bing)(bing)又稱(cheng)肌(ji)(ji)炎或肌(ji)(ji)營養(yang)性(xing)(xing)不(bu)(bu)良,是(shi)(shi)一(yi)種肌(ji)(ji)肉(rou)(rou)變(bian)性(xing)(xing)性(xing)(xing)疾病(bing)(bing)(bing),實質是(shi)(shi)營養(yang)代謝性(xing)(xing).病(bing)(bing)(bing)損組(zu)織廣(guang)泛的(de)(de)(de)綜合(he)征(包括肌(ji)(ji)營養(yang)不(bu)(bu)良、肝營養(yang)不(bu)(bu)良和脂(zhi)(zhi)肪組(zu)織炎等)之一(yi)。本病(bing)(bing)(bing)在禽(qin)(qin)(qin)類中(zhong)有(you)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng),家禽(qin)(qin)(qin)和馴(xun)養(yang)特禽(qin)(qin)(qin)均可(ke)(ke)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng),并有(you)一(yi)定的(de)(de)(de)地(di)理(li)分(fen)布(bu)。此外,哺乳動物(wu)中(zhong)馬、牛、羊、鹿(lu)等也有(you)發(fa)(fa)病(bing)(bing)(bing)。幼禽(qin)(qin)(qin)和育成(cheng)禽(qin)(qin)(qin)發(fa)(fa)病(bing)(bing)(bing)多(duo),幼齡鴕(tuo)鳥更易發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)。[病(bing)(bing)(bing)因]白肌(ji)(ji)病(bing)(bing)(bing)的(de)(de)(de)病(bing)(bing)(bing)因還未完全(quan)清楚,但可(ke)(ke)以肯定的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi),本病(bing)(bing)(bing)的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)與維(wei)(wei)生(sheng)素E、硒(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)缺(que)乏或者不(bu)(bu)足及(ji)其(qi)作用機(ji)理(li)密切相關。硒(xi)(xi)缺(que)乏:世界各地(di)土壤(rang)和植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)硒(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)含量差異十分(fen)明顯,山地(di)、丘(qiu)陵、沙漠多(duo)屬低(di)硒(xi)(xi)地(di)區(qu);堿性(xing)(xing)土壤(rang)中(zhong)水(shui)溶性(xing)(xing)硒(xi)(xi)較高(gao),易被植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)吸收,而酸(suan)(suan)性(xing)(xing)土壤(rang)中(zhong)復合(he)硒(xi)(xi)多(duo),但難(nan)于被植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)吸收。硒(xi)(xi)在動物(wu)體(ti)內有(you)很強的(de)(de)(de)抗氧化(hua)(hua)作用,可(ke)(ke)保護細胞(bao)(bao)免受(shou)氧化(hua)(hua)物(wu)的(de)(de)(de)侵害;硒(xi)(xi)又是(shi)(shi)谷胱甘(gan)肽過(guo)氧化(hua)(hua)酶(mei)的(de)(de)(de)組(zu)分(fen),能(neng)(neng)促(cu)使酶(mei)活化(hua)(hua),發(fa)(fa)揮分(fen)解過(guo)氧化(hua)(hua)物(wu)的(de)(de)(de)作用。如(ru)(ru)果硒(xi)(xi)缺(que)乏,則能(neng)(neng)導致(zhi)細胞(bao)(bao)變(bian)性(xing)(xing)、壞死和維(wei)(wei)生(sheng)素E破壞及(ji)不(bu)(bu)飽和脂(zhi)(zhi)肪酸(suan)(suan)的(de)(de)(de)蓄積,終引(yin)起肝、肌(ji)(ji)肉(rou)(rou)、脂(zhi)(zhi)肪組(zu)織發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)炎性(xing)(xing)變(bian)化(hua)(hua)、變(bian)性(xing)(xing)壞死。一(yi)般認為,飼料(liao)中(zhong)適宜含硒(xi)(xi)量為1×00.0000001,如(ru)(ru)低(di)于5×0.00000001,即可(ke)(ke)引(yin)起不(bu)(bu)同程度的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)病(bing)(bing)(bing)。此外,飼料(liao)中(zhong)銅(tong)、鋅、砷、汞、鎘等頡頏等元素過(guo)多(duo),也能(neng)(neng)影響硒(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)吸收,促(cu)使發(fa)(fa)病(bing)(bing)(bing)。維(wei)(wei)生(sheng)素E缺(que)乏:維(wei)(wei)生(sheng)素E也是(shi)(shi)抗氧化(hua)(hua)劑,具(ju)有(you)保護細胞(bao)(bao)膜免受(shou)過(guo)氧化(hua)(hua)物(wu)的(de)(de)(de)損害作用,其(qi)機(ji)理(li)是(shi)(shi)抑(yi)制過(guo)氧化(hua)(hua)物(wu)的(de)(de)(de)產生(sheng)。如(ru)(ru)果飼料(liao)酸(suan)(suan)敗,日糧配比不(bu)(bu)合(he)理(li),飼料(liao)和飼草由于收割、加(jia)工、貯存不(bu)(bu)當(曝(pu)曬、烘(hong)烤、霉變(bian)、水(shui)浸和通風不(bu)(bu)良等),均可(ke)(ke)造(zao)成(cheng)維(wei)(wei)生(sheng)素E缺(que)乏。
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